Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel Facts

Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel Facts The Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus and abbreviated as VNSF) is a subspecies of northern flying squirrels (G. sabrinus) that lives in high altitudes in the Allegheny Mountains in the U.S. states of Virginia and West Virginia. In 1985, this squirrel was listed as vulnerable in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but after its population rebounded, was delisted in 2013. Fast Facts: Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel Scientific Name: Glaucomys sabrinus fuscusCommon Name: Virginia northern flying squirrelBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 10–12 inchesWeight: 4–6.5 ouncesLifespan: 4 yearsDiet:Â  OmnivoreHabitat:Â  Allegheny mountains of Virginia, West VirginiaPopulation: 1,100Conservation Status: Delisted (due to Recovery) Description The Virginia northern flying squirrel has dense, soft fur that is brown on its back and slate gray colored on its belly. Its eyes are large, prominent, and dark. The squirrels tail is broad and horizontally flattened, and there are membranes called patagia between the fore and hind legs that serve as wings when the squirrel glides from tree to tree. Adult VNFS range in size between 10 and 12 inches, and between 4 and 6.5 ounces. Diet Unlike other squirrels, the Virginia northern flying squirrel usually feeds on lichen and fungi growing above and below ground instead of eating strictly nuts. It also eats certain seeds, buds, fruit, cones, insects, and other scavenged animal material. Habit and Distribution This subspecies of flying squirrel is typically found in conifer-hardwood forests or forest mosaics consisting of mature beech, yellow birch, sugar maple, hemlock, and black cherry associated with red spruce and balsam or Fraser fir. Biological studies have shown that it prefers mature growth red spruce trees at high altitudes, because of the presence of downed trees which promote the growth of fungus and lichens. The Virginia northern flying squirrel currently exists in red spruce forests of Highland, Grant, Greenbrier, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Randolph, Tucker, Webster counties of West Virginia. Behavior These squirrels large, dark eyes enable them to see in low light, so they are very active during the evenings, especially two hours after sunset and one hour before sunrise, moving among trees and on the ground. Virginia northern flying squirrels live in family groups of adults and juveniles that share ranges. Home ranges of males are approximately 133 acres. The squirrels fly by launching themselves from tree branches, and spreading their limbs so the gliding membrane is exposed. They use their legs to steer and their tails to brake, and they can cover more than 150 feet in a single glide. They may build leaf nests but often opportunistically reside in tree cavities, underground burrows, woodpecker holes, nest boxes, snags, and abandoned squirrel nests. Unlike other squirrels, Virginia northern flying squirrels remain active in the winter instead of hibernating; they are social animals and have been known to share nests with multiple males, females, and pups in their families over the winter for warmth. Their vocalizations are varied chirps. Reproduction The breeding season for Virginia northern flying squirrels falls between February to May and again in July. Gestation lasts 37–42 days and one or two litters of live pups are born with two to six individuals and averaging four or five. The squirrels are born from March through early July with a second season in late August to early September. After theyre born, the mothers and the newborns move to maternal nests. The young stay with their mother until they are weaned at two months and become sexually mature at 6–12 months. VNFS have a lifespan of about four years. Threats In 1985, the primary cause for the decrease in population was habitat destruction. In West Virginia, the decline of Appalachian red spruce forests was dramatic beginning in the 1800s. The trees were harvested to produce paper products and fine instruments (such as fiddles, guitars, and pianos). The wood was also highly valued in the ship-building industry. The single most important factor in the squirrels population resurgence has been the regeneration of its forested habitat, reports the Richwood, WV, website. While that natural regrowth has been ongoing for decades, there is considerable and growing interest by the U.S. Forest Service Monongahela National Forest and Northeastern Research Station, the state of West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Department of Forestry and State Park Commission, The Nature Conservancy and other conservation groups, and private entities to foster large spruce restoration projects that restore the historic red spruce ecosystem of the Allegheny Highlands. Since being declared endangered, biologists have placed and encouraged the public placement of nest boxes in 10 counties of western and southwestern Virginia. Primary predators of the squirrel are owls, weasels, foxes, mink, hawks, raccoons, bobcats, skunks, snakes, and domestic cats and dogs. Conservation Status The loss of red spruce habitat by the end of the 20th century necessitated the listing of the West Virginia northern flying squirrel under the Endangered Species Act in 1985. In 1985, at the time of its Endangered Species listing, only 10 squirrels were found alive in four separate areas of its range. In the early 2000s, federal and state biologists captured more than 1,100 squirrels at over 100 sites and based on that believe that this subspecies no longer faces the threat of extinction. In 2013, the Virginia northern flying squirrels were delisted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, due to population recovery. Sources Cassola, F. Glaucomys sabrinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T39553A22256914, 2016.Diggins, Corinne A., and W. Mark Ford. Microhabitat Selection of the Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys Sabrinus Fuscus Miller) in the Central Appalachians. BioONE 24.2 (2017): 173–90, 18. Print.Ford, W. M., et al. Predictive Habitat Models Derived from Nest-Box Occupancy for the Endangered Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel in the Southern Appalachians. Endangered Species Research 27.2 (2015): 131–40. Print.Menzel, Jennifer M., et al. Home Range and Habitat Use of the Vulnerable Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel Glaucomys Sabrinus Fuscus in the Central Appalachian Mountains, USA. Oryx 40.2 (2006): 204–10. Print.Mitchell, Donna. Spring and Fall Diet of the Endangered West Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys Sabrinus Fuscus). BioONE 146.2 (2001): 439–43, 5. Print.Trapp, Stephanie E, Winston P Smith, and Elizabeth A Flaherty. Diet and Food Avail ability of the Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus): Implications for Dispersal in a Fragmented Forest. Journal of Mammalogy 98.6 (2017): 1688–96. Print. Virginia northern flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus). ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System.

U03a1 Project Current Environment Analysis Essay

U03a1 Project Current Environment Analysis - Essay Example Various tools are used in strategic management planning process including SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, Scenario Planning, Competitive Analysis, and Chain Analysis. Firstly, it would be better to deploy SWOT analysis method to analyze the health care organization’s current environment. The organization has long years’ working experience and it seems to be the most potential competitive advantage of the BAMC (Murgo, Westerhof, Giolma, and Altobelli). This health care organization started its operations in 1879 as a small medical dispensary. Presently, it is the only Level I trauma center in the MEDCOM. Under BRAC 2005, the BAMC has decided to expand its inpatient services with intent to improve the health care quality. In addition, the organization offers nuclear medicine service, PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and molecular imaging and other therapy services; these distinctive services add to the BAMC’s potential strengths. In the opinion of Treasure, Rainer, and Sadler, medi cal readiness and training weaknesses are the most obvious limitations of the Brooke Army Medical Center. Since the medical readiness and training are the crucial elements in determining the degree of efficacy of a health care organization, those issues may adversely affect the growth of BAMC. The BAMC began the construction of its Consolidated Tower (CoTo) in 2009; this facility would meet the infrastructure requirements of administrative department, outpatient pediatric clinic, SICU, CCU, expanded Emergency and Trauma department, psychiatric nursing units, and USAISR Burn Unit (â€Å"US Army†). Hence, this addition would be a potential opportunity for the BAMC to get closer to its expansional objectives. However, it seems that staffing shortage especially; nurse shortage has been challenging the long term sustainability of the organization. Currently, the US president Barack Obama is planning

Say Yes by Tobias Wolff analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Say Yes by Tobias Wolff analyze - Essay Example When everybody congratulates Ann for having such a loving and caring husband, she is a bit unresponsive to them. When she put forward a question to which she already know the answer, the way in which he replies disturbs her. The story begins at dusk, a transition from light to dark, from white to black, from good to evil etc. The conversation is based on the discussion about interracial marriage. Ann’s husband is helping her to wash the dishes. She intentionally plunges into such a situation by asking him a question.† I am black, but still me, and we fall in love. Will you marry me? . Ann expects a confirmation from her husband while asking the question. But instead of using any emotional elements, he logically states the matter.† With all things considered it is a bad idea.† He seems to know more about African American culture. He doesn’t want to act against his cultural beliefs by marrying a white woman. It is to be noted that his love has a racial u ndertone in it. But the facts he loves his wife dearly. He is considerate in all deeds. But for Ann if there is love nothing will be an obstacle on the way to marriage. But for Ann’s Husband instead of being an endearing and thoughtful person, he gives prominence to culture and race. He says that because of the cultural difference they will fail to understand each other. The different symbols used by Tobias are so powerful that we should think that he is a racist. Ann believes so. But he wants to reject that statement before his wife and tries to convince her saying â€Å"I went to school with black. And lived on the same street with black and we have often gotten long just fine†, â€Å"they have their own language †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I like them talk...†. When the verbal battle was strong Ann do her duty without much care. Her husband again puts the vessels into the silver ware. Tobias writes about it â€Å"The water had gone a flat gray†. Wolfs again makes t hink that the husband can see the world only in two colors, black and white. The writer conveys indirectly that the husband is indifferent to African – Americans. Tobias mentions about a drop of blood that fell in the silver ware when Ann plunges her hand into that and cuts her finger. The drop of blood stands as a powerful symbol and reminds the readers that the race cannot be detected from that drop. A secure understanding of each other is a must for a powerful married life. From the beginning onward the readers know that there is no such deep relation between the husband the wife. Sometimes we think that the actions of the husband toward his wife are not because of such a well-built relation but because of compassion. He rushes to upstairs to take a band aid for her and is willing to do the rest of the house hold duties. But she never takes that into account that and still cling on to the same matter of dispute. But every time the husband tries to describe his absolute lov e for her by reflecting about the past years they spend happily. When he says he â€Å"knows† her, his throat tightened and could hardly breathe. These show the contrast between his beliefs about culture and race and his humanity. Towards the ending of the story Tobias consciously uses dark night to set the problem. The husband has no other means except giving her confirmation to her repeated question. The reason is obvious. They do not know each other. It takes the husband until the end of the story to

Youth gang culture and publics perception of gangs

Youth gang culture and publics perception of gangs It is the intention of the following literature review to focus upon the gang and focus in detail on youth gang culture and look in detail the media coverage in relation to knife crime, the public perception of the gang. To discuss why young people become involved in gangs and to discover during this literature review if poverty, race and ethnicity have a radical impact on who joins a change plus who is a victim of a gang. In order to discuss the subjects noted above this review will also look in detail into previous research relating to gangs with a particular emphasis on youth crime. It is also critical to highlight that it is important to discuss key social theories which could be utilised to explain some of the above. In recent years the media, government, police have used the term gang to generally refer to crimes which have been committed by groups of young people. Often crimes such as knife crime have been used by the mass media to portray gangs in a particular way. Often crimes such as knife crime have been used by the mass media to portray gangs in a particular way and also to draw public attention to this social issue. According to the Home Office There has been increasing public concern in recent years about gun and knife crime. While disturbing, the number of such crimes is relatively low and in a general population sample survey such as the BCS the number of victims is too small. Alexandar (2008) More than 70 youngsters died at the hands of gangs in Britain in 2008. In London, 26 were stabbed to death. There are more than 170 gangs, with members as young as ten have been identified by police in London. Many teenagers now routinely carry a knife out of fear, in order to defend themselves if attacked. The penalty for straying into the wrong area is to be robbed, beaten or stabbed. It is difficult to define specifically what a gang is due to the nature of these particular social groups. Gangs in the UK are currently seen as a collection of more than two people for example and often these gangs have a specific purpose. In recent years a collection of youths walking around the streets have become labelled as gangs in the media. Steven Sachs (1978) makes the following definition, a youth gang is commonly thought as a self-formed association of peers having the following characteristics: a gang name and recognizable symbols, identifiable leadership, a geographic territory, a regular meeting pattern, and collective actions to carry out illegal activities, it is a structured, cohesive group of individuals, usually between the ages of eleven and twenty-five, gang members can be male or female, but they are most often male. (Sachs, 1997) According to Cohen (1955) Youth gangs participate in all kinds of activities such as extortion and intimidation, robbery, vandalism, assault, drug trafficking, stabbings, shootings, and sometimes even murder. The following sections of this literature review will focus in detail at specific research which has been carried out previously relating to youth gangs and knife culture. Study 1 The first study was created in 2008 by Scottish centre for crime and justice research , they were awarded a research grant of  £155,000 by the Scottish  government to undertake ethnographic research exploring the nature of youth gang involvement, and the nature of knife carrying by young people in Scotland, and the roles that such activities may play in young peoples everyday lives. The research took place in five locations across Scotland and involved a multi-method approach, combining sets of interviews with young people, police, community and youth workers and other local area experts. Two draft reports were submitted to the Scottish Government in spring 2010: the first providing a qualitative account of young peoples involvement in youth gangs and the second drawing on an analysis of quantitative data from several sweeps of the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions of Crime (ESYTC). A core finding of this report is that gang members (inclusive of those who carry /use knives an d other weapons) are drawn from areas of multiple deprivations. The evidence presented in this report suggests that youth gang members are likely to be highly visible as problematic individuals, in terms of their tendency to hang about the streets and their frequent alcohol consumption. Study 2 Youth Gangs in an English City: Social Exclusion, Drugs and Violence The research Youth Gangs: The factors behind the headlines have been made by Judith Aldridge of the University of Manchester. The research provides an ethnographic account of contemporary youth gangs in an English city.   The study involved 26 months of participant observation in Research City; 107 interviews with gang members and their associates, and with key informants; and nine group interviews with non-gang youth, community representatives and parents.   Findings showed a long history of territorial street gangs in Research City. From the 1980s, attention focused on drug-selling gangs engaging in lethal gun violence in marginalised black areas. This framed the way the issue of gangs was officially constructed across Research City; other white areas of the city where gangs presented a lower profile and level of gun violence received less attention. A combination of factors changed the nature of these gangs, in particular from their drug-selling focus. The findings from this r esearch shows that Gangs today in Research City are ethnically mixed, loose, dynamic, interlinked territorial networks with far less organisation than expected and ephemeral, shifting and unstable leadership. Findings are presented in relation to: gang formation and the life course, violence, earnings, drug use, the role of women and girls, ethnicity, community, and statutory responses.   Findings from the research have important implications for policy development, theoretical understanding of youth gangs in the UK, and methodological know-how. The researches shows that one of many reasons why young people get in to gangs is peer pressure and wanting to look bad and also young people are searching for some kind of family unit.Youth crime is simultaneously a social problem and an intrinsic part of consumer culture: while images of gangs and gangsters are used to sell global commodities, young people not in work and education are labelled as antisocial and susceptible to crime. There was a general consensus that the issue of violent weapon crime by groups of young people is not a new phenomenon, and is in part fuelled by media. Group crime involving weapons transcends ethnicity and occurs across all races, with neighbourhood poverty and deprivatation at the root.

Nature or Nurture Essay

NURTURE OR NATURE It has been long debated the importance of nature verses nurture. It is hard to prove one from the other since it is shown for them both to play major roles in the development of a child to an adult. I believe that my personality is a combination of both nature and nurture but I think that I am +more nurtured. There are so many behaviors that I have developed from the environment I grew up. I have learnt to respect all people from being influenced at school and by my parents. I have also been trained to be responsible of things such as doing my work. I learnt that if I am not responsible and don’t do my work, then I must pay bad consequences. I have also learnt from experiences that if I do what I am supposed to do, I may be rewarded for good things done. My environment has influenced me in many ways to act upon certain things automatically. Things like looking both ways before crossing the street, or other things that appear to be common sense are learnt from nurture. I have gone through many experiences in which I have learnt different lessons. These lessons have taught me how to act in my life. I know that I am very different person than my mom or my dad. I don’t have very much in common with either of them. Although we do share some of the same aspects, I feel that I am more different from them than alike. I have developed the majority of my social skills from my friends and not my parents. Most of my social life revolves around my friends, who have influenced me a lot of the decisions I make and in the way I act. I don’t socialize with my parents nearly as much as I do with my peers. I don’t think I know my parents well enough to say if I am like them when they are around their friends or not. The nature and nurture of a person can vary greatly. Sometimes there are certain things that are hard to decide whether they are inherited or learnt. I might share some qualities with my parents, but they could just be characteristics that I learnt in my life that my parents also learnt in their lives too and were not inherited. I believe that genes indicate the potential for one’s behavior and personality, and that the environment helps create the extent as to how that behavior is carried out.

Enron s Impact On The Natural Gas Industry - 2699 Words

Introduction: Enron was founded in 1985 as a result of a merger between Houston Natural Gas and InnerNorth of Omaha. During this time period there was a series of deregulations in the utilities industry which was highly regulated at the time. Enron original business was selling natural gas. Jeff Skilling developed the idea of a â€Å"gas bank† which was the middlemen for consumers and suppliers. Enron decided that if they were to increase their growth they needed to enter other markets due to the increase competition in the natural gas industry. Enron enter in the electric, water, broadband, pulp and paper industries. This new ventures were supposed to create millions of dollars in revenue for Enron; however most of this new ventures were immense failures which cost Enron significant losses. Enron never disclosed these losses to investors or the SEC until October 2001. Through different accounting practices with the help of its auditors (Arthur Andersen) Enron declared revenue numbers in the billions of dollars. Fortune magazine named Enron the most innovative company for six years straight and was ranked as the seventh largest company in the Fortune 500. Investors were in love with Enron although they could not explain how Enron was profitable. A year before Enron declared bankruptcy Enron’s shares were trading in the NYSE for $85 dollars. Many of Enron’s employees were encouraged to purchase company stock and many of them did. Retirees made it part of their 401Show MoreRelatedEnron And The Natural Gas Industry1542 Words   |  7 PagesEnron Background: Enron, based in Houston, Texas, was founded by Kenneth Lay as an energy and pipeline company in 1985 from the merger of two natural gas pipeline companies, Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. 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The Effects Of Drugs On The Human Body - 1158 Words

The United States of American has had one main problem that has terrorize its streets ever since it became a nation. The abuse of substances has become more and more common on this society, that now thinking about legalizing one of its illicit drugs is a main political topic. Even though the United States has become a war on drugs country, many people in its society are still being affected. Out of all the substances that are being abuse in this country, there are three that outstand the rest. The three substances that are being abuse the most in our society are alcohol, marijuana, and methamphetamine. This writing will analyze four factors. The factors being analyze are: why are this substance harmful, three factors that contribute towards its abuse, what is the community doing to reduce such abuse, and what services are available in order to help people recover from their addictions. Why are these substances harmful Alcohol, marijuana, and methamphetamine have their own ways of affecting on the human body. However, all three of this powerful substances manipulate in one way or another the function of the brain (Levinthal, 2014). Alcohol, which is the number one substance being abuse in the United States, works as a depressant in a specific area of the brain. Levinthal (2014) states that â€Å"the depressant impediments in judgment and thinking of the persons† (p.204). This is the classic feature when someone is drunk. When a person losses its judgment and thinking, usuallyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drugs On The Human Body1208 Words   |  5 Pagesmany years drugs have been around, but most people are not aware of the consequences that it has on the human body. At a young age, we’re told that drugs are bad, but we still don’t exactly know the side effects that come upon from the constant use. In the video, Life on Drugs, show the significant impact that drugs have on pe ople who rely on them everyday. The participants, all drug users, willingly decided to be part of the experiment of drugs. During all of the experiments, the same drug users wereRead MoreEffects Of Drugs On The Human Body1817 Words   |  8 Pagesat the most (Nova Science, 2012, p. 281). This forces the user to keep consuming cocaine in order to maintain the â€Å"High† period for a longer time. Some of the side effects of cocaine in the human body can be as simple as just headaches, increase of heart rate, nausea, and decrease of appetite; but, for heavy users the side effects can be more dangerous such as the loss of sense of smell, reduce blood flow, anxiety, severe paranoia, seizures, heart attacks, and strokes (Nova Science, 2012, p. 282)Read MoreHarmful Effects of Drugs on the Human Body1124 Words   |  5 Pageswith their bodies. 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Nor the reason why people indulge in the consumption of illegal substances.   People abuse drugs to relieve stress, manage other illnesses and receive a high.   Depending on the drug of choice, the toll it takes on the human body differs. Furthermore, injection choice, also plays a factor on how the body is affected. For example,   through injection into the bloodstream more immediateRead MoreHeroin1726 Words   |  7 Pagesaround-the-clock care.† (Bubala 2011, pgs. 1-2). This is an example of what Heroin can do to a young adult who tried the drug for the first time. Although Heroin may be a satisfying new experimental drug to young adults, Heroin is an addictive drug that destroys the human body, and can kill chronic users. The topics to be discussed in this essay are: What is Heroin, the bad effects Heroin has on the body, and what Heroin can lead to. What is Heroin? According to The Partnership (2011), â€Å"Heroin is a depressantRead MoreCocaine Is A Powerful Stimulant Drug1574 Words   |  7 Pagespurposes. â€Å"Cocaine is a powerful stimulant drug made from the leaves of the South American coca plant† (â€Å"Stimulants†). Cocaine was initially being used as a medicinal drug to reduce the pain of toothaches or as a local anesthesia used for certain surgeries. Shortly after, a new popular drink by the name of â€Å"Coca Cola† was created and contained a small amount of cocaine to provide the users with an increase of energy. During this time in the United States the drug was considered to be legal and people